Chapter 8 - Primary health-care goal and principles

Primary health care (PHC) is targeted to ensure the highest possible level of health and well-being and their equitable distribution by concentrating on the public needs for a sustainable healthy life without any financial burden on patients. It is also explained how to give special preference to women, families, and rural communities on a priority basis. The most impressive part of this chapter is the role of PHC in handling the COVID-19 pandemic, which is still beyond perfect control. In this connection, the role of WHO to bring preventive measures at the state and country level is also well explained.

Chapter 6 - Emergency disaster risk management for health

This chapter narrates how biological disasters cause the outbreak of conterminous diseases leading to pandemics, if timely care is not taken. In this connection, the authors explain the difference between outbreak, epidemic and pandemic nature of the contagious disease and how it can be controlled and what type of safety measure to be taken to stop its further spread. WHO advises mitigating disaster risks such as infection outbreaks, unsafe food, and water;chemical and radiation contamination, natural and technological hazards, wars and their societal conflicts, and other challenges are explained to challenge the emergency of a biological disaster. It is also explained how WHO participates in a number of forums that influence the policy and practice of emergency risk management for health. How WHO works informed by international frameworks such as Sedan framework for disaster risk reduction 2015–2030 and other UN system policies and plans.

Chapter 5 - Global rural health-care outlooks

This chapter is exclusively dedicated to explaining how rural health infrastructure is comparable with the health-care facilities provided in an urbanized area with examples. In this connection, in South Asia, infant mortality rates (IMR) in the rural area are 1.6 times higher than the urban area. Even in developing countries like India mortality rate is 1.5 times higher than in urbanized areas. In this connection, the authors explain about determinants that are responsible. It has also been discussed in detail how various organizations like multilateral organizations, bilateral agenesis, and nongovernment organization jointly try to resolve the issue related to health risk, especially caused by pandemic diseases like COVID-19. In addition, it has emphasized the primary health-care VS Universal health Coverage with some self-explained fundamental models. In this connection, the role of WHO also incorporates while covering different aspects of health coverage at the global level.

Chapter 3 - Public health, food security, and hunger

This chapter explains how world hunger, malnutrition, and extreme poverty act as limiting factors in order to eliminate risk-based health coverage. Hunger has become a chronic challenge for the rural populations living under variable geographic locations and climatic conditions. So, emphasis is given to find out ways and means to resolve the acute shortage of healthy food and nutrition, due to flawed agriculture policies, water security, the effect of climate changes, and violent conflicts. The authors mainly given the emphasis on prevention are primarily responsible for stopping the spread of the epidemic. For example, frequent hand washing, regular bath, and sensitization maintenance are primarily responsible for changing the epidemic into a pandemic form. In this connection, emphasis is given to the rule and protocols for washing hands. Especial instructions are given not to touch, eyes, nose, and mouth without wash hand. In addition, it is explained how touching the surroundings and carpets commonly contaminated by aero drop from contaminated person or patients. It has also been clear how noncommunicable diseases are also responsible for alarming life if timely care is not taken. How inadequate access to health infrastructure, communication gap, deficiency in medicine, and health aides are responsible for health service, timely. This chapter also covers the SDG3 goals responsible for bringing harmony to the health-care system with international collaboration projects.

Chapter 1 - Public health and management

This chapter explains how hospital community health centers and nurseries home provide preventive curative, rehabilitation care for public health management. In this connection, it is explained how security professions, fire, ambulance providers and emergency medical services can be closely coordinated to increase the efficacy of health services. The authors want to develop awareness among doctors to mobilize other health service processions to manage the system under extreme climatic and disaster conditions to save life and social health stability. The last part of the chapter gives insight on systemic management of disease classification and under what circumstance a disease outbreak becomes epidemic and pandemic at the global level if inadequate management is taken. In this connection, the authors try to explain it with the example of the COVID-19 challenge and bring to the attention of the public to either eradicate or bring stability with the passing of time. So, it is necessary to develop a well-organized health-care system either temporarily or upgrade the existing health-care system to meet the demand in an emergency.